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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 




TheCAi^lsbAd Of America 

Owned by tl^e 

Unifed States Govepr|ment 

and under its di'peet supepvisioi] . 



Tt)e Hot 3prings of Arl^ansas. 



Owned bx tbc 



, r-i 

M 3 



United 3tate3 (lOvernrDent, 

And Under 

Its Direct w'cipervision. \/ 




V 



Copyright 1S95, by 
TowNSEND, General Passenger and Ticket A<iF.NT. 
Iron Mountain Route, 
St. Loris, Mo. 



WOODWARD A TIERNAN PRINTING CO., 
SAINT LOUIS. 



Ii.i.vstrations from Photographs by 
Walter B. Townsend. 



Xcocn^5 an^ nD\?tbs 

cf tbc 



1l3ot Sprinos of Hrkansas. 




HE storj' of the Hot Springs of Arkansas begins far back in the realms of legend and 



=^=^ tradition, long before the white man had set foot upon the shores of the New World. 



The earliest explorers of the Western Continent had no sooner acquired means of 
intelligent communication with the natives, than they began to hear rumors and 
mar\^ellous tales of a land far in the interior, where, hidden away in the deep recesses of 
the mountains, was a lake of hot water, fed bj' crj-stal fountains bursting from the earth, whose waters 
bestowed upon those who drank and bathed in them the priceless boon of health and vigor — even of eternal 
youth. One tradition prevalent among the Indians told how the Great Spirit came to grant this blessing 
to his children, the powerful nation of Kanawagas. It related that after years of prosperity and abund- 
ance, during which this tribe became mighty above the others, a terrible disease suddenly appeared in 
their midst, which spread with fatal rapidity. Nearly all the strong men were stricken and helpless, the 
hunters forsook the chase, the warpath was deserted and desolation reigned everywhere. The old and 
wise men said the Great Spirit was offended because in the arrogance of their power and prosperity they 
had forgotten and turned away from him. As nothing but pure, cool water .seemed to in any measure 






Mx^ 



i>«, 




THE WATERS TURNING HOT. 



allay their sufferings, the survivors of the tribe, as by a common impulse, dragged themselves, the 
stronger assisting the weaker, to a secluded valley, where the waters gushed forth in a sparkling stream 
from numerous springs on the mountain sides. Here they offered sacrifices and inflicted self-tortures for 
daj' after day in their efforts to appease the wrath of the Great Spirit and induce him to restore their 
health and strength. At last their supplications were heard. One day, just before sundown, thin 
wreaths of vapor were seen to issue with the water from the springs, the streamlet at their feet first 
became warm-— then hot. .Many thought their only means of relief was now cut off; but the wise men 
saw ill the wonderful transformation an end to all their afflictions. They announced that the Great Spirit 
had breathed his healing lireath into the waters, and ordered all to bathe and drink thereof freely. This 
was done and the cure was marvellous and complete ; the invigorated warriors bestowing the name of 
"No-wa-san-lon," or Breath of Healing, upon the springs by which name they were known forever 
afterward. 

These stories, and similar ones, came to the ears of old Juan Ponce de Leon, Governor of the 
Island of Porto Rico, in the earlier years of the sixteenth century. At this time the belief in the philoso- 
pher's stone, and the elixir of life, was widespread throughout all Europe. The occult society of the 
Rosicrucians was at the zenith of its power and influence, and its claim to the possession of the secret of 
eternal life was everywhere credited. What wonder, therefore, that the old Spanish Governor should 
place implicit confidence in the truth of these Indian tales, and that, animated b}^ the prospect of renew- 
ing his 3'outhful vigor, he should at once set out in quest of the Fountain of Life. Accordinglj', in March, 
1512, we find this battle-scarred veteran of a hundred wars at the head of an expedition landing upon 
the coast of Florida, which he reached on Easter Sunda}'. Taking possession of the country in the name 
of the King of vS])aiii, and naming it Florida, in honor of the day, as well as on account of the multi- 
plicity of beautiful flowers and semi -tropical trees on every hand, he at once began his ijuest for the 

5 




DE SOTO AT THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH. 



Fountain of Youth, searching everywhere, questioning ev-erj' native, but receiving always the same 
disappointing answer: " Beyond you is the stream you seek." Discouraged at last, he returned discon- 
solate to his island home, but only for the purpose of fitting out a more extensive expedition, which 
would give better promise of success. Glowing reports of the new land of Florida were dispatched to 
Spain, whose king, giving Ponce de Leon great credit for his discovery, not only appointed him 
Adelantando or Governor of the country, but sent him material aid in the way of ships and men for the 
purpose of colonizing it. The second expedition sailed in 1521 and safelj' reached the coast of Florida, 
where it met with a sudden and disastrous termination before anything in the way of exploration had 
been accomplished. The Governor had scarcely set foot upon the soil of his new territory when, in a 
skirmish with the Indians, he received a wound from an arrow, which poisoned his blood and from the 
effects of which he soon after died. 

Ferdinand De Soto was the next European to take up the search for the Fountain of Youth, 
although it is not probable that he became particularly interested in the matter until he had discovered 
and crossed the Mississippi, which feat he accomplished in June, 1541, at the lower Chickasaw bluff, 
near the present citj- of Helena, Ark. Here, he was soon informed of the existence of the Hot Springs, 
which the Indians informed him lay but a few days' march toward the setting sun. The region west of 
the Mississippi was then known as the "Province of Cayas," and of De Soto's stay and experience there, 
a Portuguese writer, signing himself "A Gentleman of Elvas," says: "The Governor rested a month in 
the Province of Caj-as, in which time the horses fattened and thrived more than in other places in a 
longer time, with the great plenty of maize and the leaves thereof, which I think was the best that had 
been seen, and they drank of a lake of very hot water.'' It does not appear that the Spaniards learned 
much of the curative properties of the waters, but this does not prove that the Indians did not know 
their value. 




ULELAH AND 



The meager scraps of history which have come down to us regarding this expedition, tell little 
beyond the foregoing as to the experiences of De Soto while west of the Mississippi, but well authen- 
ticated tradition, corroborated by discoveries of Spanish relics, seems to establish the truth of the following 
story: Upon hearing from the Indians the wonderful accounts of the healing springs of hot water, 
De Soto at once set out in search of them, but encountered from the start the bitterest opposition from 
the savages. After following, for some distance, the high ground between the Arkansas and White 
Rivers, he made a bold attempt to turn to the south and strike directly for the spot where report located 
the fountain. The natives, understanding his motive, quickly assembled a large force and attacked him. 
A fierce battle ensued, in which De Soto not only failed to drive back the savages, but came near losing 
his own life at the hands of a disabled Indian who threatened him with a spear. This battle took place 
near the present town of Jacksonport, Ark., and the residents of the vicinity still find relics of the struggle 
in the fields. Finding himself unsuccessful, and having lost several of his men, De Soto finally gave up 
the attempt to penetrate to the south at this point, and again resumed his march up the White River. 
Proceeding to the mouth of the North Fork of this river in Northern Arkansas without further molesta- 
tion, he concluded that the Indians had relaxed their vigilance, and again tried to cross the river. 
He found himself mistaken, however, for no sooner had he commenced to ford the stream than a large 
band of hostiles appeared on the southern bank. He gave them battle and defeated them, but seeing no 
prospect of a successful march in that direction, with his depleted force, and the certainty of a continuous 
fight before him, he rested here for a time and considered his future movements. While debating 
whether it was best to proceed or return, news was brought to him of the existence of vast quantities of 
shining metal to the northwest. Hoping this might prove to be gold, the prime object of his expedition, 
he hastened forward, and was led by an Indian guide to the lead and zinc region of Southwest Missouri, 
where, much to his disappointment, the "shining metal," instead of being gold, proved only a zinc 




BURIAL OF DE SOTO, 



formation or alloy, common to that region. There are many evidences and traditions of De Soto's visit 
to this section, which there is no room to give here. It is stated that, during his stay, he was taken 
seriously ill and was nursed by an Indian maiden, named Ulelah, the daughter of the cacique of the 
tribe. She, conceiving a great affection for the pale-faced stranger, prevailed upon her ather to consent 
to his being taken to the wonderful fountain which could alone restore him to health. He was placed 
in a litter, and under the protection of an escort from Ulelah's friendly tribe, was safely transported to the 
"Valley of Vapors," where, from the mountain sides gushed the hot waters, forming a large stream, 
which flowed awa^/among the trees. Hundreds of Indians were there encamped. They had constructed 
dams and made rude pools along the stream in which they bathed, gaining relief and strength. De Soto 
himself was rapidly restored to health, and was soon able to take up his march again. His first thought 
was to hasten back to Spain and spread the news of his wonderful discovery, but, as history records, 
while building boats to descend the Mississippi, he fell a victim to the swamp fever, and in a few daj's 
was buried deep in the depths of the mighty river he had himself discovered. 





RESIDENCES AT HOT SPRINGS 



H. K. Holmes. 



P. J. Ledwidge. 



w. p. Passmokb. 



XTbe Settlement an^ lEarlv! 1bi5tor\) of 1bot Spi'inos. 

'here is much strong and accumulative evidence that the curative iiroperties of the Hot Springs, 
undoubtedh' long known to the Indians, were discovered and utilized by the white man very early 
in the present century. The best and oldest evidence of this nature is found in the report of the 
expedition of Lewis and Clarke, in 1804, under the personal supervision of Mr. William Dunbar 
and Dr. Hunter, and bj- the authority of the United States Government. These gentlemen left 
St. Catherine Landing on the Mississippi River, about twenty-five miles south of Natchez, Miss., 
descended the Mississippi to the mouth of the Red River, and then ascended the latter, Black and 
Ouachita Rivers to the mouth of Hot Springs Creek, thence up that stream to the Springs themselves. 
In the report of this expedition the following statement is made ; 

"At the Hot Springs we found an open log cabin and a few huts ut ^plil l)uards, all calculated 
for summer encampment, and which had been erected b^' persons re.sorting to the Springs for the recover^' 
of their health." This was in December, 1804. 

Mr. Justice Bradley, of the Supreme Court of the United States, in an opinion in the case of 
Hale et al., said: "These Springs are situated in a narrow valley or ravine between two rocky ridges 
in one of the lateral ranges of the Ozark Mountains, about sixt}' miles to the westward of Little Rock. 
Though not easily accessible, and in a district of countr}^ claimed by the Indians until after the treaty 
made with the Quapaws in 1817, they were considerablj' frequented by invalids and others as early as 
1810 or 1812." 

From data obtained after careful search by Mr. F. M. Thompson, Cio\ernment Superintendent of 
the Hot Springs Reservation, during his incumbency, and who gave the matter deeper investiga- 

U 



tion than had ever been given before, it is learned that the first permanent settler at the Springs was 
named Manuel Prudhomme, who built a cabin there in 1807. In the same year he was joined by John 
Percival and Isaac Gates, who camped there and engaged in hunting and trapping. In 1810 or 1811 
Percival bought out Prudhomme's improvements. By 1812 some few visitors came occasionally to the 
Springs, but in 1814 there were not to exceed four or five cabins there. In 1820 Joseph Millard built a 
double log cabin and used it as an inn, but abandoned it in 1826 or 1827. At this date the only habita- 
tions were mere movable camps. In 1828 Ludovicus Belding arrived with his 
family and found the valley entirely unoccupied. He built himself a house in this 
year and resided there for some time ; his heirs afterward making this residence the 
basis of a claim to pre-empt the land. About this time the Springs had begun to 
attract visitors in considerable numbers, and the wonderful properties of the waters 
l)ecame more widely known. In 1830 Asa Thompson leased the Springs and began 
to erect bathing houses and accommodations for visitors. These are the earliest 
'lath houses of which there is any definite information. 

The four sections of land (2,560 acres) which compriseYthe present Govern- 
ment Reservation were set apart bj^ act of Congress, April 20th, 1832, for the future 
disposal of the United States, not to be entered, located or appropriated for any 
other purpose. Absolute control of this property was then assumed by the National 
".overnment, which had obtained title thereto under the purchase of the territory 
I Louisiana from the Emperor of France — the First Napoleon — in 1803. 

From time to time various claims to the Hot Springs and adjacent lands have 
L-en set up by different parties. In 1820 Col. Elias Rector, of St. Louis, located 
vhat was known as a "New Madrid Float." A New Madrid Float was a land 

14 




i Kjl N i.AIN I.N Cl 1 '. 



warrant issued to a citizen whose lands had been 

sunk or destro3'ed by the terrible earthquake of 1811, 

near the town of New Madrid, Mo. They could 

be placed on unoccupied land of the United States 

to which the Indian title was extinct and which had 

been surveyed. These "floats" were transferable, 

and Col. Rector having acquired one, thought to 

locate it on the Hot Springs Reser\-ation , but after 

long and costly litigation, it was finally decided by 

the Court of Claims in 1875, and the Supreme 

Court in 1876, that the claimant had never acquired 

any legal or equitable title . Another claim was made- 

in 1829 bj' the heirs of one Jean Filhiol, under an bath HorsE row on government reservation. 

old grant alleged to have been made by Estivan Miro, Governor of Louisiana, in 1787, but it was shown by 

the testimony of Judge James McLaughlin, who had lived on the Ouachita since 1793, and who had been 

a sun-eyor under the Spanish Government, that the claim was never regularly granted but was concocted 

in 1803 by Don Vincent Techiers, successor to Filhiol as commandant of the district of the Ouachita, who, 

seeing that the government of the countrj' was about to change, and desiring to profit thereby, evolved a 

scheme to make conveyances of lands, antedated to have the appearance of having passed through many 

hands, and which the United States Government would be bound to recognize when it took possession. 

The filing of these various claims and the persistency with which they have been urged, goes to 
prove that even in the early days of the settlement of the Ozark region, the Hot Springs were known 
and appreciated at their full value, and their future possibilities recognized. 




15 




THE ARMY AND NAVY HOSPITAL 




Zhc 1f3ot Sprinos of Hrkansas, 

©wneJ) bv! an^ Under tbc Direct Supervieion ot tbe 
■^^^^~ innitcd States government. 

N April 20tli, 1832, the United States Government, by Act of Congress, set apart and dedicated 
to the people of the United States, 2,560 acres of land at Hot Springs, Ark., as a National 
Reservation, not to be entered, located or appropriated for any other purpose than its 
development into a great American sanitariiim of the first rank, where those afHicted with 
disease could find relief, and be cared for dxiring their stay in a manner commensurate with their 
condition in life. There were at first many obstacles in the way of a successful accomplishment of this 
inirpose, bj' no means the least of which was the absence of necessarj' transportation facilities. The 
establishment of direct railroad connection with all parts of the countr3-, in 1874, disposed of this diffi- 
cultj-, however, and since that time the development of Hot Springs has been rapid, substantial and even 
wonderful. In fact this charming resort of the Ozarks is, to-dajs the peer of any health resort of the 
I )ld World and immea.surably the superior in ever>' respect of any of its American contemporaries. 
The pre-eminence of the Hot Springs of Arkansas is due to the following facts: 

1. The unquestioned value of the waters, which is recognized the world over and proven by three- 
quarters of a century of practical results. 

2. The official endorsement of the United States Government, which owns these springs and, 
through its properly appointed officials, superintends and directs the distribution of the waters, regulates 



the method of using them, and even fixes the maximum charges for their enjoyment, thereb3' protecting- 
the people from extortion and placing the means of relief within the reach of ever>-one. It should be 
noted also, in this connection, that the Government has erected and maintains on the Reservation, for the 
benefit of its invalid soldiers and sailors, the most thoroughly equipped arm}' and navj' hospital on the 
face of the globe. It has also expended, and is now expending, vast sums of money in improving and 
beautifying the Reservation, transforming the surroundings into a delightful park, with every' accessory^ 
of beautiful scenerj-, superb drives and unlimited facility for recreation and amusement. 

3. The matchless climate. Nestled among the foothills of the Ozark Mountains, in latitude 
34" 31' north, and at an altitude of about 1,000 feet above sea level, the climate of Hot Springs 

f challenges comparison with that of anj^ resort in the world. The skies are as clear and beauti - 
ful as those of Italy, while the temperature never reaches an extreme in either direction which 
renders it uncomfortable. The surrounding hills and mountains are covered with a dense 
\ growth of luxuriant forest trees, among which the pine largely' predominates, its balsamic 
, ' aroma contributing materiallj' to the purity and healthfulness of the air. It is the home of 
i the mistletoe and of the holly. 

4. The moderate altitude. At all health resorts the question of altitude is a most vital 
one. If too low, the danger of malaria is ever present, a most serious one to those 
weakened by the ravages of disease. If too high, the well-known effect of high 
altitudes in quickening the respiration and the action of the heart, presents a com- 
plication to be dreaded even more than the effect of malaria, and especiallj' is this 
true where hot baths are administered, as such baths of themselves produce exactly 
similar results, which, when intensified by the atmospheric conditions referred to, 
form a combination that few invalids can successfully resist. It is a fact, recognized 

18 





DoxicEv dri\-ers at the Springs. 



bj- life insurauce companies, that the respiration, which, 
in a moderate altitude is considered normal at from 
eighteen to twenty-two per minute, is increased to a 
normal of from twenty - five "to twenty -eight in high 
altitudes ; also that the heart's action keeps pace in 
proportion to the respiration. Another thing, the 
humidity' of the atmosphere in a moderate altitude 
ranges from sixtj^-five to seventy -five, while in a high 
altitude it is reduced to from thirty-five to forty-five, with the result that a person emerging from a 
hot bath in the former case takes from thirty-five to fort3' minutes to cool off, while in the latter, 
owing to the rapid absorption of moisture by the dry and hungry atmosphere, the process occupies but 
fifteen or twentj' minutes, too rapid to be safe and even producing deleterious results. For these reasons, 
in the high mountain resorts, hot baths are given only at rare inter^^als, while at a moderate altitude they 
may be taken every day with advantage. Hot Springs enjoys the desired happy medium of altitude, 
and in this it is not approached by any other' Artjerican resort. Its elevation of about 1,000 feet, 
and the absence of marshj^ ground and stagnant water, give absolute freedom from malaria, and while 
not high enough to affect to' an unhealthA^ degree the action of the respiratorj' or secretory organs, it 
does insure a pure, stimulating atmosphere and an agreeable moderation of temperature the j'^ear round. 
5. It is a resort for all seasons of the year. The impression has largely prevailed, especially 
throughout the North a»d East, that Hot Springs was purely a winter resort. This is due, doubtless, to its 
location in one of the Southern States. Nothing, however, could be more erroneous. In fact, it is as an 
all - the -3'ear- round resort that Hot Springs is gaining its greatest fame. In his report to the Secretary 
of the Interior for 1894, the Superintendent of the Reser\'ation , Mr. William J. Little, says: "I give it 



19 







DRIVEWAYS ON HOT SPRINGS MOUNTAIN-GOVERNMENT RESERVATION. 



as my uiKiualified opinion that the late sprinjj and summer and the early fall are the most favorable times 
to visit Hot Springs for a course of treatment, especiallj- if treatment is desired for rheumatism or any of 
the blood- diseases. Hot baths and -drinking hot water in hot weather mean sweating, and sweating 
produced by the hot water of Hot Springs means cleansing the system of these diseases, if they be pres- 
ent, and this maj' be more readily accomplished in summer than in winter." It must not be inferred 
from this that the heat of the summer months is oppressive or even unpleasant. The warmest days are 
always tempered b\' the refreshing mountain breezes which blow constantly, and the nights are invariably 
cool and pleasant. The highest, lowest and average mean temperature, together with the number of 
clear, rainy and cloudj' days for each month of 1894, is shown by the following table: 





Hijrhesl 


Lowest 












nighest 


I,o\vest 












Temper- 


Temper- 




Clear 


Cloudy 


Rainy 




Temper- 


Temper- 




Clear 


Cloudy 


Raiuy 


Months. 


ature. 


ature. 


.\verage. 


Days. 


Days. 


Days. 


Months. 


ature. 


ature. 


.\vcraKe. 


Days. 


Days. 


Days. 


January 


. 75 


25 


58 


23 


1 


7 


July . . . 


. 94 


76 


84 


24 


— 


7 


February 


. 70 


30 


52 


22 


— 


6 


.\ugust . . 


. 90 


76 


S3 


24 


— 


7 


March . 


. .SO 


45 


69 


22 


— 


9 


September 


. 89 


66 


79 


25 


2 


3 


April 


. s,s 


63 


75 


24 


1 


5 


October . 


. 87 


56 


76 


28 


— 


3 


May . . 


. 88 


62 


81 


28 


— 


3 


November 


. 80 


50 


66 


28 


— 


2 


June . . 


. 92 


78 


85 


27 


— 


3 


December 


. 74 


23 


57 


23 


I 


7 



Highest temperature for the year, 94; lowest, 23; mean average for year, 72. Total number of clear day. s, 298; 
rainy days, 62; cloudy days without rain. 5. 

Thermometer readings taken at noon each day at the .\rlington Hotel. 

Additional evidence that Hot Springs is a desirable suiumer as well as winter resort is found in 
the presence during this season of large numbers of the best Southern peojjle from every section of the 
South, who select Hot Springs for their summer outing in preference to the resorts farther north. The 
Arlington Hotel, open the year round, affords ample and luxurious accommodations at any season, and 
opportunities for amusement and recreation are always presenting themselves. 

21 



'-^fflff^ff'' 




jfrotn fIDalvcrn to *ff3ot Sprinos. 




Malvern Station. 



ALVERN, the junction of the Hot Springs Railroad and the 
Iron Mountain Route, is a busy little Arkansas town, the county 
seat of Hot Spring Count}' and the center of a great lumber and 
fruit-growing country. It is twenty-two miles nowadays from 
Malvern to Hot Springs, and the journey occupies barely an hour. 
In the old days of stage coaching the distance seemed at least twice as great, and it took all da}- to 
cover it. At some seasons of the year the road was practicallj' impassable, owing to the depth of the mud 
and the height of the flooded mountain streams. This was the condition which confronted three prominent 
railroad men one afternoon in Februarj-, 1874. The}* were "Diamond Jo" Reynolds, Col. L. D. 
Richardson and Capt. William Fleming. Anxious to reach Hot Springs that night, and unable to 
find a driver at Malvern who would undertake to brave the diSiculties of the stage road at that season, 
they determined to make the journej' on foot. It was during this long, tiresome walk that the 
Hot Springs Railroad project was conceived, it being palpably certain that, if thousands of people 
from all parts of the world were willing to suffer so much inconvenience to 
reach the ' ' Valle\' of Vapors, ' ' a railroad would prove not only 
a blessing, but a developer and almost certainl}' a dividend 
earner. Ground was soon broken, and the same year saw 
the opening of a narrow-gauge railroad from Malvern to 
Lawrence Station, seven miles east of Hot Springs. The 
line was soon extended through to its present terminus. In 




22 



First Gh.mpse of the Ouachita 




ill first-class jjhysical con- 
dition throughout. Branch 
railroads, as a general rule, 
are but sorn,- affairs, but 
this little line is a pleasing 
exception. To the traveler, 
indeed, there is nothing about the track, equipment or time 
to indicate that he is not on a main line of some great sys- 
tem. In addition to the through daily trains between Hot 
Springs and St. Louis, above referred to, passenger trains 
are run in close connection with all trains on the Iron 
Mountain Route, and the Springs are thus made quickly 

23 



October, 1889, it was changed from narrow to standard 
gauge, and in January, 1890, for the first time, a through 
Pullman sleeping car service was established between St. 
Louis and Hot Springs. This service, with such additions 
and improvements as experience and increasing patronage 

have suggested, has con- 
tinued to the present time. 
Col. L. D. Richardson, one 
of the original projectors, 
some years ago assumed the 
management of the prop- 
erty, which he has placed 






in a half circle around the 

base of a lofty, pine-clad 

cliff. A little further on, 

a country road meanders 

in and out of the pines, 

and perhaps a yoke of 

patient oxen, dragging a 

crude and heavily laden cart, comes in view and adds 

of rural life to the picture. ' • . 

Cove Creek, with its old saw mill, reminding one of the 
quiet brook and ruined mill of Sleepy Hollow, is then crossed, 
and the train comes to a momentary stop at Lawrence Station. 

24 



and comfortabli' accessible from all parts of the country. 
At the Hot Springs Station, coupon tickets can be pur- 
chased and baggage checked through to any point in the 
country, and every facility for the convenience of travelers 
is provided. 

The trip from Malvern to Hot Springs is by no means 
devoid of scenic interest. At 
one point a charming glimpse 
of the Ouachita River may be 
had from the car windows, a 
shimmering stretch of a noble 
stream sweeping majestically 






Lawrence Station is the stoppinjj; point for Potash -Sulphur 
Springs, which lie about a mile to the north, and are reached by a 
well-kept drivewaj'. This resort is described in detail in another 
part of this book. Adjacent to the station grounds, on the right, is 
the McGuigan stock farm, with its tasteful residence nestled among 
the tall native forest trees. On the left, is the thriving burgh, known 
i.^vMuNo STATION. as Shanghai City, consisting of a ramshackle cross-roads' store, con- 

ducted by the population of the cit}-, presumably on the co-operative plan. The population is an 

extremely ])icturesque looking individual, who seems to support with great dignity his official position 

as mayor, postmaster, general store-keeper and population of the town. 

Leaving Lawrence, the train follows the banks of the Gulpha, a charming rivulet, which, like 

Cove Creek, shimmers and sparkles through , 

many a mile of wooded glen on its bounding 

course to the Ouachita. A short stop is made 

at Spring Lake Station, another suburban 

re.sort described further on, and then after a 

run of about fifteen minutes, the train comes 

to a final stand-still at its destination. It 

looks as though the entire population of Hot 

Springs is on hand to meet the train, for it 

is one of the features of the daily routine to 

go to the station to welcome the coming, and 

speed the parting guests. 




25 



The Pooh Bah of -Shanghai City. 




VIEWS ON CENTRAL AVENUE. 



Bath House Row. 
from the go%-ern-ment hospital. 



Concrete W.ilk os Government Reservation. 
Central .Avenue Looking .Sovth. 




Zhc Cit^ of Ibot Spvinos, 



Old Whittington Mansion. 



ROM the coiisUuction of the first bath house in 1829 to the 
advent of the railroad in 1874, the development of Hot 
Springs was necessarily slow, though every year increas- 
ing numbers of invalids from all parts of the world, braved the 
inconveniences and annoyances of the limited means of trans- 
portation and the unattractive accommodations, in their search 
for relief and restoration to health. The opening of the Hot 
Springs Railroad in 1874 gave immediate stimulus to the place. Not only did the annual number of 
visitors at once become greater, but thousands of people took up a permanent residence and engaged in 
business. Thus within twenty j'ears has sprung up a thriving, go-ahead city of fifteen or twenty thousand 
people, which entertains over fifty thousand visitors each year, and which possesses every convenience 
of easj' accessibilitj', sumptuous hotels, and unlimited facilities for recuperation and entertainment. 
Hot Springs is at once unique, picturesque and interesting. The visitor, while strolling along its 
avenues, is vividly impressed with the remarkable contrasts presented on everj' hand. Strong and 
vigorous men, with manlj' stride, pass their antipodes in invalid chairs or on crutches. Meek oxen gaze 
in silent wonderment at the spanking teams of thoroughbreds which prance by ; the stylishly -dressed 
New Yorker or Londoner walks along side bj' side with the Ozark farmer in his rustj' suit of grey jeans ; 
the verj- buildings share the general antithesis; handsome four-stor}- brick blocks look down on decrepit 
one-story wooden shanties, and colossal hotels overshadow ramshackle lodging-houses. Owing to the 



nature of the location there is little regularity about 
the streets and avenues. The main thoroughfares 
follow the courses of the streams between the moun- 
tains — Central Avenue, the principal business street, 
being a broad valley running north and south between 
the Hot Springs and West Mountains. This was 
formerly the bed of the Hot Springs Creek, and was 
filled with huge boulders, which, with the wanton 
course of the stream , made the valley well nigh impass - 
able. The government work of confining the creek to 
a tunnel or underground passage, clearing the valley 
and constructing a broad, well-paved street above, 
was an engineering feat of no small proportions. It 
was made necessary, however, before the bath houses 
could be constructed, or a business street established. 





Cascade on Hot Springs Creek. 



Central Avenue Looking North. 

On Central Avenue are located most of the bath 
houses, hotels and business houses, though, during recent years, 
the Avenue having been closely built up, the town has spread 
southward into the Ouachita Vallej', which now claims many 
fine streets and business blocks. The bath houses occupy about 
three blocks in the Government Reservation, on the east side of 
Central Avenue, in the heart of the city and at the base of the Hot 
Springs Mountain, from which they are supplied direct with the 
thermal waters. The business part of the city is of a substantial 

2S 



and permauent character, and shows decided improve- 
ment in the past two or three years. Several solid 

business blocks have recenth^ been, and are now being 

erected, and still greater changes may be looked for 

in the near future. The street railway facilities of Hot 

Springs are remarkably good, there being over eight 

miles of electric car lines now in operation, connecting 

all avenues and sections of the city via Central 

Avenue. The rolling stock is new and the cars will 
compare favorablj^ with those in use 
in large cities. 

Hot Springs enjoys an excellent 
suppl}- of pure water for drinking pur- 
poses and domestic uses and it is 

furnished in such volume as to be of effective use in case of fire. A clear moun- 
tain stream fed bj- huge .springs, about two miles north of the city, was converted into 
a lake half a mile or more long, bj^ the building of a dam of .solid masonrj', thirtj- -eight 
feet high, extending from mountain to mountain. From the lake this water is forced 
into an immense reservoir on the summit of the mountain, 280 feet above the streets 
of the citj', causing so great a pressure that a stream from the largest hose can be thrown 
over the highest buildings without the aid of a fire engine. This improvement cost the 
city over $1.50,000, and has a capacity- of 2,250,000 gallons daily. The fire department 
is well organized and equipped with all necessarj' paraphernalia, and shows, when 

29 





New Whittincton M\>-.i' 




RESIDENCES AT HOT SPRINGS. 



L. D. Richardson. 

s. n coLLiN-Gs, M n. 



G. J. Greenaway. M. D. 

S. H. Stitt. 



occasion requires, that it is fully efficient. The city is well supplied with churches, nearly all the 
leading denominations being represented, and all are in a flourishing condition. The choice residence 
portions of the city are on Park and Whittington Avenues, though there are many handsome homes 
in the southern section, especially on Malvern and South Central Avenues, and the Government has 
erected expensive and beautiful houses on the Reservation for the superintendent and surgeon in charge 
of the Government Hospital. Many of the residences of Hot Springs will compare favorably, in 
elegance and beautiful surroundings, with those of larger cities, and are pleasing evidences of the wealth 
and refinement which have found their way to this citj' of the Ozarks. 

There are three substantial banks in the city, three daily papers, good .schools for the children, 
excellent mail, express and telegraphic facilities, and emphatically no lack of medical attention. The 
retail stores are of all kind.s, the markets are well supplied, and prices are as reasonable as can be found 
anywhere. 

In regard to the healthfulness of the citj^ — a most important consideration to one contemplating 
either teraporarj'^ or permanent residence there — Government statistics show that out of a total of 486 cities 
and towns in the United States, only five have as low a death rate as Hot Springs. There is only one 
city in British America having one as low, and none at all in England or Continental Europe. The death 
rate in 1894 among the permanent residents of Hot Springs was 7.74 per 1,000 inhabitants. When it is 
taken into consideration that a large percentage of the citizens went there afflicted with disease, and, 
being cured, have since made it their home, this low death rate seems all the more remarkable. The 
rate among the 50,000 annual visitors is v^ery small, being only a little more than one and one-tenth per 
cent, and in nearly all cases of death among visitors, the disease causing the same had reached such an 
advanced stage that recoverj', even under the most favorable conditions, and with the best medical 
attention, was an utter impossibilitj'. 

31 









^tfeft 







SCENERY NEAR HOT SPRINGS. 



XTbe 1bot Springs XlClaters. 



'he Hot Springs of Arkansas are situated upon the United States Government Reservation, and con- 
trolled by officers appointed by the Government. They are seventy-one in number, with a tempera- 
ture, ranging from ninety-six degrees to one hundred and fifty-seven degrees Fahrenheit, and a 
flow of half a million gallons daily. The cause of their marvelous medicinal effect is still a mooted 
question among i)hysicians and chemists. Careful analj^sis by eminent specialists show that on an average, 
the waters contain 12.94 grains of material in solution to the gallon. Of this material, nearly sixty per 
cent is carbonate of lime, over twenty -one per cent is silica, nine per cent is carbonate of magnesia, while 
the remainder is chiefly chloride of sodium (common salt) , sulphate of soda (Glauber salt) , and sulphate 
of potash. This is but a slight proportion of minerals, in fact, no more than is to be found in many 
springs and well waters used for domestic purposes. It is, therefore, an accepted theory with most prac- 
titioners that the wonderful virtue of the waters lies in their natural heat, which seems to possess peculiar, 
perhaps magnetic, qualities, not characteristic of those of other warm springs, or of waters artificially 
heated. For these reasons, this water is not portable, loses its therapeutic qualities entirely when cooled, 
and is of no value whatever when bottled, either in its natural state or as a basis for patent medicines. 

Dr. William Elderhorst has this to say regarding the curative qualities of the water when used 
direct from the Springs: "In many forms of chronic diseases especially, its effects are truly astonishing. 
The copious diaphoresis (perspiration) which the hot bath establishes, opens in itself a main channel for 
the expulsion of principles injurious to health, made manifest by its peculiar odor. A similar effect, in 
a diminished degree, is effected by drinking hot water — a common, indeed, almost universal practice 
among invalids at the Hot Springs. 

33 




INTERIOR OF A HOT SPRINGS BATH HOUSE 



"The impression produced by the hot douche, also, is indeed powerful, arousing into action 

sluggish and torpid secretions; the languid circulation is thus purified of morbific matters, 

and thereby renewed vigor and healthful action are given both to the absorbents, 

lymphatics, and to the excretory' apparatus — a combined effect which no medicine is 

capable of accomplishing. 

"The large (juantity of free carbonic acid which the water contains, and which rises 

in volume through the water at the fountain of many of the springs, has undoubtedly an 

exhilarating effect on the system, and it is, no doubt, from the water of the Hot Springs 

coming to the surface charged with this gas, that invalids are enaliled to drink it freely 

at a temperature at which ordinary water, from which all the gas has been expelled by 

ebullition, would act as an emetic." 

It is a well-known fact that the waters of all other hot springs, owing to their lower 
temperature or the presence of deleterious minerals, are absolutely undrinkable. 
All of the Hot Springs, with one exception, 
A Familiar Fir.rRE. flow from the Hot vSprings Mountain, on the 
east side of Central Avenue. Formerly, the 
hot water, with its accompanying clouds of vapor, could 
be seen issuing from the ground; but it is now, for the sake 
of economy and cleanliness, piped from the various springs 
to the different bath houses. This collection and distribution 
is done under the direct supervision of a superintendent 
appointed by the United States Government, and every bath 
is taken under directions and regulations established by the 





35 



Old Hale Spring. 




Government. The ])rices for baths range from twenty cents to sixty cents (the 

maximnm fixed by the United States Government) , for single baths, and from 

three dollars to ten dollars for a course of twenty-one baths. Attendants 

are not allowed to collect in excess of fifteen cents per bath, or three dollars 

per course for their ser\-ices. 

The source of heat is a question that has given rise to much specu- 
lation. An eminent medical authoritj^ says: "I attribute the cause to the 
internal heat of the earth. I do not mean to say that the waters come in 
actual contact with fire, but rather that the waters are permeated with 
highly -heated vapors and gases which emanate from sources deeper 
seated than the water itself. The whole geological structure of 
the countrj' and that of the Hot Springs Ridge in particular, 
from which the water issues, justifies this assumption." 
The hot water is distributed entirelj' under the supervision 
of the Government. The bath houses are supplied direct from the Springs by gravitation. 
The waters of the Hot Springs have been found invaluable in the treatment of 
all forms of rheumatism and goutj' conditions, in all troubles of the stomach, liver and' 
kidneys, in skin di.seases, diseases of the blood, syphilis, etc., and are especially efficacious 
in nervous affections, particularly insomnia, nervous prostration and la grippe, in barren- 
ness in women, and in all the various other female complaints, including those consequent' 
upon the change of life. 



Entrance to Closed Spring 

ON THF Hot .Springs 

Mountain. 




36 



^ablc Showing temperature of Spr'ngs. 





•r.iii 




Tern- 




Tem- 




Tem- 




Tem- 




•I'.iii- 


So, 


Fahr. 


N". 


pt'rature, 
Fahr. 


No. 


perature, 
Fahr. 


\i '. 


I'Pratnrp 

r.ilir 


\m. 


l>erature, 
Fahr. 


No. 


[..■ratuii-, 
Fa hi'. 


1 


77 


13 


135.5 


25 


Ill 


37 


120 


49 


131 


61 


135 


2 


76 


14 


137 


26 


106 


38 


128 


50 


145 


62 


109 


3 


124 


15 


134 


27 


127.5 


39 


125.5 


51 


144 


63 


83 


4 


124 


16 


131 


28 


145 


40 


112 


52 


143 


64 


135 


5 


SO 


17 


*Sipage 


29 


SO 


41 


157 


53 


144.5 


65 


141 


6 


103 


IS 


93 


30 


134.5 


42 


*Sipage 


54 


146 


66 


87 


7 


115 


19 


84 


31 


147 


43 


144 


55 


122 


67 


*Sipage 


8 


121.5 


20 


83 


32 


124 


44 


*Sipage 


56 


133 


68 


131 


9 


122 


21 


106 


33 


140 


45 


111 


57 


128 


69 


83 


10 


121.5 


22 


122 


34 


120 


46 


*Sipage 


58 


*Sipage 


70 


89 


11 


105 


23 


125 


35 


135 


47 


144.5 


59 


133 


71 


94 


12 


111 


24 


113 


36 


110 


48 


91 


60 


134.5 







*Thosc marked ".Sipag*;" arc intkkmittent; all others constant and rNVARYiNO in hbat 



analBSis. 

The follovviii>i analysis is from the liiv^hly esteemed report of a i^romineiit geologist and 
physician : 

Silicate with base, Oxide of magnesia, Carbonate of potash, 



Bicarbonate of magnesia, 
Carbonate of .soda. 
Sulphate magnesia. 



Bromide, a trace, 
Bicarbonate of lime. 
Alumina with oxide of iron. 



Chlor. of magnesia, 
Sulphate of lime, 
Organic matter, a trace. 



37 




SCENES ON THE OUACHITA RIVER 



Batbino. 



A description of the manner in which the baths are given should be of interest and importance 
to all who come with the intention of taking a course of treatment. The patient undergoes a thorough 
examination by his physician who then issues special instructions and directions regarding the baths, 
regulating them to the exigencies of each case. If the physician discovers the heart or lungs are 
affected, the invalid is not allowed to take the baths, as they are liable under 
these conditions, to prove harmful. 

Simple palpitation and incipient lung trouble are benefited by careful 
bathing. The usual directions are to bathe about six minutes in water 96 to 100 
degrees Fahrenheit; two to six minutes in the vapor room, and five to twenty 
minutes in blankets, according to the time required to produce perspiration. 

Physicians do not agree as to the details of treatment, but all are governed 
by the physical condition of the patient and the nature of the disease. Some can 
remain in the water twice as long as others and have it much hotter with bene- 
ficial effect, while injudicious bathing by an invalid might prove injurious. It is 
never safe in anj' case to bathe without the advice of some reputable phj'sician. 
Under such directions a large proportion of all who come can be cured. Those who 
bathe for pleasure, and that embraces all visitors not invalids, will find the knowledge 
of the attendants amply sufficient to regulate ordinary bathing. 




39 




The Hospital axd Eastman Hotel. 



SNAP SHOTS 
Entrance to Army and Navy Hospital. 



The Park Hotel. 



ilTL 




HOT SPRINGS. 



In Front of the Arlington. 



Grand Stairway, Hot Springs Mountain. 

Promenade. Government Reserv.ation. 




SCENES ON THE GULPHA, NEAR HOT SPRINGS. 




^be (Breat IF^otels of lf3ot Sprinos. 

N those magnificent caravansaries, the Eastman, Arlington and Park hotels, Hot Springs offers to 
its visitors, the best appointed and most acceptably conducted hostelries in the country. Realizing 
that the comfort and well-being of all who come here can be best attained by a harmonious opera- 
tion of these great properties, arrangements have been perfected by which in future all the unpleasant 
and annoying features incident to strong competition will be eliminated, the conduct of the three hotels 
placed upon the same plane of excellence, and satisfactory service rendered to every one. 

The building of these hotels was. the beginning of the development of Hot Springs into an all- 
the-year-round fashionable resort for rest and recreation. With their completion, the army of invalids 
constantly marching to this modern Mecca of health found its ranks re -enforced by robust representatives 
of the wealth and culture of the nation. There were to be seen gay groups of equestrians and pedes- 
trians by day, and there were sounds of revelry by night. The Eastman sprang up like another 
Aladdin's palace, but eight months elapsing from the beginning of the structure in May, 1889, until it 
was ready for occupancy. Its foundations were the beginning of a new era; an expansion of a provincial 
resort into one of world-wide fame. Improvements were soon commenced throughout the entire cit}'. 
Other hotel projects were inaugurated ; the Park and the New Arlington were built. New and palatial 
bath houses were constructed, new streets laid out, driving parks opened, and the United States Govern- 
ment, catching the infection, began improvements on the Reservation, which, when completed, v^'ill 
convert the surrounding mountains into veritable paradises. 

43 




THE HOTEL EASTMAN— R. E. JACKSON, Manager. 



XTbe If^otcl Bastman. 

'HE Hotel Eastman is an imposing five-story building, of colossal dimensions, covering several acres 
of ground, and crowned with lofty towers and obser^-atories which overlook the Ouachita Valley and 
the pealcS of the Ozarks for miles and miles. It is constructed on two sides of a quadrangular 
park decorated with trees, flowers and fountains, forming a delightful approach. Located at the 
northern edge of the Ouachita Vallej', just at the entrance to the "Valley of Vapors," and under the 
shadow of the Hot Springs Mountain, its position is both central and commanding, and full of advan- 
tages from a hotel standpoint. The handsome station of the Hot Springs Railroad is less than two 
blocks distant to the southeast — a great convenience to guests, and particularly so to invalids. Just 
above, on the side of the Hot Springs Mountain, and facing the hotel, is the United States Army and 
Navy Hospital, a beautiful cluster of buildings, in the midst of tastefully arranged and admirably 
maintained grounds. One block to the west is Central Avenue, the main thoroughfare of the city, with 
its row of bath houses on the eastern side, and of retail establishments on the western. 

The hotel contains 520 guest rooms, all large, well lighted and elegantly furnished and appointed. 
Each room may be considered a front room, as there are none but command delightful views of 
valley, mountain, stream or woodland. Most of the rooms have connecting doors, so they may be 
arranged for singly or en suite, and many are equipped with private bath rooms. The main halls, 
twelve feet wide, extend through the center of the entire building, each forming a grand promenade 675 
feet long. No fire is ever lighted in the house, except in the magnificent fire-places in the parlors and 
offices, and in the kitchen, which is positively fire-proof. The building is heated throughout bj' steam, 
and lighted by electricity, both the arc and incandescent systems being used. The public rooms consist 
of a grand parlor, ball room, ladies' reading room, gentlemen's parlor, card room, billiard room, 

45 




Dancing Parlor. 



THE HOTEL EAbiMAN. 



Grand Dining Room. 






The Verandas. 



gentlemen's reading room, dining hall and ordinary — all of generous dimensions — and a superb rotunda, 
fifty-two by seventy feet. The cuisine at the Eastman is of the highest excellence, and a glimpse of 
the interior of the kitchen would satisfy any guest that he was being treated as kings are supposed to 
be. The service and attendance throughout is unexceptionable, as indeed it must be where such a host 
is to be fed, cared for and amused. 

The Eastman bath house is located east of the hotel, just across Cottage Avenue, being connected 
with the hotel bj' a closed corridor built over the avenue. This corridor is an extension of the second 
storj' hall and, as well as the bath house, is thoroughly heated by .steam, insuring an equable 
temperature to the bathers en route to and from their rooms. The bath house contains eight parlors and 
forty bath rooms, the latter constructed entirely of brass and marble, and the bath tubs lined with the 
most expensive Roman porcelain. The hot water is brought in pipes from the Government reser\'oir far 
above, on the Hot Springs Mountain. 

The spacious park in front of the Eastman is a great romping -ground for the children, who can be 
seen at all hours of the day busy at their games, rolling and tumbling on the grass, riding the obstinately 
slow Init patient burros, laughing and screaming with delight, while their more sedate elders look on 
complacently as thejr promenade the broad verandas, or rest quietly in the huge but cosy rocking chairs. 

The observatory tower is a popular addition to the East- 
man, rising to an elevation of nearh' 200 feet, and revealing 
to the guest who scales its dizzy height a magnificent cj^clo- 
rama of mountain, vale and forest streams, which well repays 
the exertion of the ascent. 

Conununications in regard to accommodations at the 
Eastman should be addressed to R. E. Jackson, Manager. 




47 




THE ARLINGTON HOTEL— LYMAN T, HAY, Manager. 



XTbe Hiiinoton Ibotcl. 



'HE New Arlington, built on the site of the Old Arlington, the pioneer hotel of Hot Springs, was 
erected at a cost of $550,000, and opened to the public on March 25th, 1893. The architecture 
is of the strikingly beautiful Spanish renaissance, charmingly adapted to the surroundings. Its 
total frontage on Central Avenue and Fountain Avenue is 650 feet, it is four stories in height, 
and built of brick, stone and iron. The features of the front facade are the veranda, or more properly, 
colonnade, extending the whole length, and the balconies relieving the upper stories at suitable intervals. 
The two principal corners are ornamented with towers, twentj- feet square, handsomely designed, and 
extending fortj' feet above the roof, affording unsurpassed points of obser\'ation from which to view the 
surrounding city and mountains. 

The hotel has 300 guest rooms, each elegantlj- furnished. Thej' are large and airj-, and all have 
outside light and ventilation, while the walls are adorned with fresco penciling. Each room has a large 
closet, and fifty of the choicest are provided with baths, which are supplied with both hot and cold 
water. Besides all the improvements known to hotel economy, the rooms are so arranged that they can 
be thrown into suites for the accommodation of families. Quick elevators communicate between the 
floors, and nothing that could contribute to the convenience and comfort of guests has been omitted. 
There is a barber shop. Western Union telegraph office and news-stand in connection with the hotel, 
and a billiard room and bowling alley which are frequented bj^ both ladies and gentlemen. 

The elegant bathing establishment in connection with the Arlington has many advantages. 
It was erected on the site of the New Rector bath house, the best known of the older bath houses, 
and has in reality been made a part of the hotel, being connected therewith, on both the first and 

49 




THE ARLINGTON HOTEL. 
The Grand Stairway. 



The Rotckda. 



The Orchestra. 
The Veranda. 




second floors, bj' large, well -lighted and ventilated hall ways. In architectural 
design it corresponds with the hotel itself, and its interior arrangement embodies 
man}' novel features. The bathing department is an immense circular edifice, two 
stories in height, from which ^tlie.Jiath rooms radiate on both floors. There 
are forty of these rooms and a series of cooling rooms, or parlors, heated to different 
temperatures for the gradual cooling of the bather; also needle and shower baths. 
The floors of the bath house are laid with Mosaic tile, and the partitions and walls 
are of marble. The connection of the bath house with the hotel insures guests 
against the effects of exposure, and invalids can be readilj' wheeled in rolling chairs 
(supplied by the hotel) from any room to the baths. 

The ample dimensions of the Arlington rotunda (54 x 87 feet) , its beautiful 
oaken finish, its magnificent chandeliers, its easy chairs and sofas, its massive fire- 
places and mantels, make it the embodiment of cheerfulness and hospitalitj'. 

Three concerts are given here every day by the Arlington orchestra. From the rotunda, a grand stair- 
way circles upward below a large glass dome ; on one side are 
the reading and writing rooms, and on the other, the large danc- 
ing hall, with a white maple floor of high polish, and adapted in 
every way to the purpose for which it is set apart. There is 
dancing in the hall every evening from nine to ten o'clock, and 
every Wednesday- evening is given a "hop," the orchestra furnish- 
ing the music. 

The main dining-room is 120 feet in length, lighted by 
windows on three sides, and well ventilated. The ceiling is of 



FiRK Escape — .-Vrlington Hotel. 




51 



The Office — Arlington Hotel, 




The DiNt.w; Room. 
GVKST Chamber. 



The Pink P.\ki.or. 
The MoRNisr. Room. 



The D.a.nci.ng P.\ri.or. 
The Writini; Room. 



ornamental paneled steel, and the furnishings are in ivory 
and gold, forming a rich and pleasing effect. Modern chefs 
are in charge of the kitchen, and the cuisine is the pride of 
the management and delight of the guests. Every part of the 
world is drawn upon to supply the tables, and the attention is 
])rompt, courteous and thorough. There are two ladies' 
ordinaries in connection with the main dining-room, which 
are richly carpeted and sumptuously furnished, giving, alto- 
gether, a seating capacity for 500 guests. A unique and per- 
fect sj'stem of fire escapes is afforded by the proximity of the 

hotel to the moun- 
tain 





Hell's Half Acrk. 



at Its rear. URin-i.x., .-1..1. ... 

In the first place, danger from fires is minimized 
by excluding them from every room in the house except 
the kitchen. 

Then, to afford double protection and convenience, 
a balcony is constructed at the rear of each story, from 
which an iron bridgeway leads out upon the mountain roads. 
This provides against every possible danger, and renders 
the hotel absolutely safe. Every portion of the house is 
heated by steam and lighted by electricity. The Arlington is 
open the year round. Communications should be addressed 
to Lyman T. Hay, Manager. 

53 




THt PARK Hi.; 



.1 Manager. 



^be park IfDotel. 



'his popular family resort is a handsome, five-storj-, white brick building, situated on Malvern 
Avenue, a quiet, shaded street, two or three blocks from the railroad station, and in the opposite 
direction from the noise and bustle of the business portion of the city, but connected therewith with 
a well -equipped line of electric street cars. The architectural beautj^ of the hotel with its pleasing 
promise of quiet and comfort, and its charming surroundings, appeal at once to the visitor. Located on an 
eminence, in a natural park of some ten acres with grass}-, flower -bedecked lawns and loftj- trees, it com- 
mands an unobstructed view, on everj^ side, of the picturesque Ouachita Valley and the encircling arms of its 
mountain lover — the Ozark range. On anj' bright, sunny afternoon — and they areplentj' at Hot Springs — 
the Park presents an attractive picture. The broad verandas are gay with guests, some promenading 
slowly to and fro, others engaged in a go-as-you-please contest — six miles around and back to the mile — 
and still others in eas)^ chairs, enjojdng the warmth and geniality around them. Inside, the same air of 
cheerfulness prevails. The roomy rotunda is superb in its ornamentation, brilliantly lighted from all 
sides, and enlivened by the presence and conversation of a hundred people who gather in jolly, chatter- 
ing groups, or loll lazily in the huge rocking chairs behind a paper or the latest novel, while at short 
intervals a fine orchestra drowns with its melod}' the hum of busy voices. 

The grand dining hall, a model of elegance, extends the width of the entire building and the 
length of the main wing, with large windows occupying three sides and giving it the same bright and 
cheerful appearance noticeable in the rotunda, and which is characteristic of the entire house. The 
kitchen is located in a separate and perfectly fire-proof building, and those who are permitted to investi- 
gate its mysteries are filled with admiration at its conveniences and absolute cleanliness. This is the 

55 




THE PARK HOTEL. 



The Parlor. 
flre-pi,acf. ann c(»rner of rotcnda. 



Main Stairway. 



NlAiN Dining Room. 

The Office. 



only i^lace about Ihe hotel where fire is ever allowed, except a glowing back -log in the great fire-place 
in the grand rotunda on occasional chilly evenings. 

On one side of the main hall are the writing and card rooms and the ladies' ordinary ; on the other, 
the grand parlor, a nol)le apartment with royal furnishings, decorations — and more windows. Adjoining 
this, is a smaller parlor for the ladies, which ])artakes of tlie same magnificence as the larger. 

There are 275 guest rooms, all equally well furnished and fitted, and all looking out u])on the park 
surrounding the hotel. They are arranged singly or en suite and are provided with every accessory- for 
the comfort of guests, many having private bath rooms attached. 

The Park is surmounted by a grand observatory, an airy pavilion, thirtN'-five by sixty-five feet, 
walled with windows, from which a grand view — including apparenth- most of the State of Arkansas — 
is to be had. This observatory is reached by the elevator, and contains a hundred rocking chairs, a 
splendid lounging-place for lazy people on a lazy day. 

The entrance to the Park bath house adjoins the elevator on the main floor. The bath house is a 
separate building from the hotel, l)ut so near that it is not fifty steps from the ele\'ator to the baths through a 
covered passage. It contains forty rooms with marble walls, tiled floors and porcelain tubs for the regu- 
lation Hot Springs baths, separate rooms for Russian, vapor, Turkish, needle, electric and other cleansing 
devices, hot rooms, cooling rooms, etc., until one wonders if there is anything in the bathing line which 
is not to be found in perfection in this three-story ])alace of purification. 

The dancing pavilion is in still another building apart from the hotel, but connected with it bj^ a 
covered way. This handsome structure is devoted exclusively to the votaries of Terpsichore and other 
amusements. The weekly hop at the Park comes on Saturda)' nights, and is the occasion of the 
gathering of the social clans of all the hotels. Communications should be addressed to Ed. Hogaboom, 
Manager. 

57 




HOTELS Al HOI I^PKlNGb. 



The Plateau. 



Thr Avkn-ue. 
The Hotki. Worrell. 



The Waukesha. 



©tbev UDotels anb !BoarMno 1f!)ousc9. 



'he visitor to Hot Springs is never at a loss to find a lodging -place, suited alike to his tastes and 
his pocket-book. Besides the three large hotels already described, and which are more especiall}' 
patronized by the wealthier class of pleasure -seekers and invalids, there are a dozen or more first- 
class hostelries at which lower rates prevail, and 400 or 500 boarding-houses. The range of 
prices is, as might be expected, from $3.00 a week to $2.00 a day, or even more, if desired, the con- 
venience and comfort of the accommodations corresponding, of course, to the difference in rates. Of 
these hotels among the best known are the Hotel Hay, the Pullman, the Avenue, the Great Northern, 
the Hotel Worrell, the Josephine, the Snmpter, the Plateau and the Grand Waukesha. 

The more pretentious boarding-houses assume names — the Albion, the Burlington, Taylor's, the 
Gardner House, Magnolia Villa, Haynes' Villa, for example. These houses are handsomely furnished, 
conveniently located, with pleasant surroundings, and are well patronized, as their excellent conduct 
deser\^es. Following the descending scale of prices, come the numerous lodjjing-houses, whose only name 
is the invariable "elegantly furnished rooms for rent, with board," and last come the furnished rooms: 
nearh' every house in the city, even to the humblest cabin, having a "vacant room" somewhere about 
the premi.ses. 

A complete list of hotels and lodging -hou.ses at Hot Springs, gi'^'i'iS location, number of guests 
that can be accommodated and rates charged by each, is printed on the following pages: 

59 



IFDotels 

an6 BoarMno Ibouses . . 



The rates named herein are those in force during the 
Winter. Much lower rates can be secured from nearly all 
during the Summer, or, say, from June ist to November ist, 
owing to there being a lesser number ot visitors at this time 
of year. 



NAME. 


LOCATION. 


'M'ESTS. 


RATE PER I'M 


n.VTE PKR WEEK. 


Eastman Hotel 

Arlington Hotel 

Park Hotfl 




lOOO 

500 

■100 

300 

125 

100 

100 

100 

80 

80 

75 

75 

70 

60 

(iO 

60 

00 

CO 

50 

50 

50 

50 

5(1 

5(1 

50 

15 

45 

10 

1(1 


$3 00 to 
3 00 to 
3 00 to 
2 00 to 
2 00 
200 
2 00 to 

1 50 

2 00 to 

1 50 to 

2 00 
1 00 
I 50 
1 50 
I 00 
1 00 
1 50 

1 00 to 

2 00 

1 00 to 
1 00 to 
1 00 
1 .5(1 
1 .50 to 


Sin (HI 
10 OO 
10 00 
2 50 

2 50 

2,50 
2 00 

1 50 

1 .50 

1 .50 

2 (¥1 


.S21 00 

21 00 

21 (Kl 

12 .50 

10 00 

10 00 

10 00 

800 

10 00 

8 00 

S 00 

7 00 

5 00 

5 00 

3 .50 

5 00 
7 00 

7 00 

8 fX) 

6 .50 
5 00 
5 00 
S (XI 

7 00 
7 00 
1 .50 
5 (10 
7 00 

4 .50 


to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 

to 
to 

to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 
to 


*70 oo 




70 oo 


Malvern Avenue 


70 00 






15 00 






17 .50 


Hotel rullman 

riiitfil States Hotel 

Plateau Htttel 

Great Northern Hotel 




17 .50 




15 00 


Central Avenue 


12 .50 
15 00 


Court Street 


12 .50 


Hotel Josephine 


Wliittington Avenue 

Ouachita Avenue 


12 .50 




7 00 


La Clede Hotel 


Ouachita Avenue 


7 00 




Cliajiet Street 


7 00 






10 00 


Irma Hotel 

Hotel Worrell 

St. Nicholas Hotel 

St. ('loud Hotel 


Kxehanec Street 

SpriiiL' Street 


10 00 
15 00 
10 00 


Whittintrtoii Avenue 

Ouaehita Avenue 


7 00 


Guinn House 


6 00 
10 00 






12 00 






20 00 






1 00 
1 50 
1 25 to 
1 00 to 


1 .50 
1 50 


6 00 




Whittington Avenue 


700 




9 00 






5 .50 









60 



Ibotels ant) !fl5oar5ing ibousce— ConttnucJ». 




Hotel West ' Ouachita Avenue 

Windsor Hotel Park Avenue . . 

The Albion Urove Street. . . 

Illinois House Ouaehita Avenue 

The Victoria 'Jlive Street . . 

Barnes House I'ark Avenue . . 

Garrtner Housr . WliitlinKton Avenue 



Haines Villa 
Palmyra Hote 
Haley Cottage 
Dallas House 
ftlcL'rary Hous 
•lafobs House 
Hickson Hous 
Kentucky House 
Cottase Home 
Bealle House . 
Keelev institute 
The ChiyhrtKjk 
t'resceut. Hou>' 
Taylor Hon 



Park Avenue 
Ouachita Avenue 
Central Aveinic 
Chapel Street . 
Reserve Avenue 
Market Street . 
.Market Street . 
Market Street - 
Ouachita Avenn 
SpriiiK Street 
Benton Street 
Park Avenue . . 
Central Aveinie 
Park Avenue 



Hukill House Chapel Street . 

<Tranii View Park Avenue . . 

The Hlooiningtou Ouachita Avenue 

Nettles House Cetlar Street . . 

The .Magnolia Park Avenue . . 

Morris House Laurel Street 

Missouri House Ouachita Avenue 

Alamo Hotel Prospect Avenue 

Park View Ouachita Avenue 

Rice Cottage Pleasant Street 

The Brockaway Park Avenue . . 

Hollander House Crest Street . . 

Taylor Cottage Central Avenue 

Lucas Place j Park Avenue . . 



in 
:;5 
:!.'> 
l-!5 

ao 

30 
:jO 
30 

:«) 
.so 
so 

30 
30 



JO 
Hi 



1 no 






4 00 


to 


5 110 


1 00 


to 


1 50 


5 00 


to 


8 (K) 


2 00 






B 00 


to 


12 00 


1 00 






5 00 


to 


7 00 


1 50 






5 00 


to 


8 00 


1 w 






1) (M 


to 


10 OO 


1 m 






7 00 


to 


10 00 


1 so 






(i 00 


to 


8 00 


1 50 






5 00 


to 


800 


1 00 






4 00 


to 


5 00 


1 00 






5 00 


to 


7 00 


1 00 






5 no 


to 


7 00 


1 00 






4 00 






1 00 






5 00 


to 


1) 00 


1 00 






4 00 


to 


li 00 


1 00 






4 00 






1 00 


to 


1 50 


5 00 


to 


7 00 


1 50 






8 00 






1 50 






5 OO 


to 


8 00 


1 00 






5 0O 


to 


7 00 


1 50 






7 00 


to 


10 00 


1 00 






5 OO 


to 


7 OO 


1 00 


t^ 


1 50 


5 00 


to 


7 00 


1 00 


to 


I 50 


5 00 


to 


8 00 


1 50 


to 


■2 Oft 


i: (HI 


to 


10 00 


1 50 






:> 00 


to 


7 00 


1 00 






:; 50 






1 (X) 






1 on 


to 


,, OO 


1 00 






", nil 






1 00 


to 


.' 






- 1.' 


75 






1 (III 






1 25 


to 


1 50 


,') 00 


U) 


s (JO 


2 00 






8 00 


to 


12 50 


1 00 






4 00 






1 110 


to 


1 25 


5 00 


to 


s 00 



61 




VIEWS IN HAPPY HOLLOW. 




Ibapp^ IboUow. 



''fV'^ 



The Old Stage Coach. 



Every one who visits Hot Springs quickly succumbs to the charms 
of Happ3^ Hollow, and becomes its faithful admirer. A pleasant valley 
it is, indeed, and the favorite resort of pedestrians though a street car 
line has recently invaded the picturesque glen, much to the disgust of 
many who consider the new-comer an unwarranted encroachment upon 
their pet promenade. Happy Hollow has, in a general way, been so 
■happily and graphicallj^ described by Mr. Wm. L. Belding, that his 
description is herewith inserted. He says: "This is a dell that the imagination of the Greeks 
would have populated with all sorts of superhuman beings. It would have been a kingdom for 
fairies, a favorite haunt for njmiphs and dryads, and might have been a trysting- place for the gods and 
goddesses themselves. 

"The place is neither a gorge nor valle}^ but a quiet and peace -inspiring glen — a narrow road- 
way, hewn from the side of the mountain, which disputes possession of the bottom of the dell with a 
creek. And a most delightful road it is, with the mountains thrusting their feet down from either side 
and nearly crushing you beneath the rocks, and rising gracefull}' to the height of three or four hundred 
feet, their sides covered with huge rocks and tall sighing pines and oaks, which, in the autumn, form a 
most delightful picture in yellow and emerald. The foot-path is excellent, the dell is cool, and there is 
a new charm at every step. 

"At the terminus of the carriage road is located the celebrated Happj' Hollow Spring. It is not 
hot water that boils up in the unique little summer-house that has been built over the spring, but. 



63 




fcvERVDAY LIFE IN HAPPY riOLLOW. 



notwithstanding that, it is a mineral water of high grade and possessed of great medicinal virtue. It is 
used solely for drinking purposes and in connection with the hot baths. Dyspepsia and indigestion 
have no show whatever when brought into contact with Happy Hollow water. It drowns rheumatism 
and gout, and, as it acts directly on the liver and kidneys, it purifies the blood, producing a beautiful 
complexion, and is almost a specific in all diseases of the urinary organs. It is visited by great 
numbers, daily, who come to drink the water. Beyond the spring the road ceases, the glen becomes steep 
and the path is blocked and turned from side to side by huge boulders and the jagged, projecting edges 
of the mountain. At times it is almost impassable, and the explorer would like to give up and turn 
back, were it not that he desires to pursue the rocky way to the end and see where it commences or 
terminates." 

Mr. Belding's explorer should not be discouraged. If he persists in pursuing the "rockj' way," 
he will be amply rewarded for his climb, as the path leads him to the summit of Hot Springs Mountain, 
with its picturesque walks, grand views, beetling cliffs and magnificent forests. The walk along the 
crest of the mountain to and down the Grand Boulevard to the Army and 
Navy Hospital, is one of the greatest attractions at the Springs, and should 
not be overlooked by anyone. 

Happy Hollow is the lair of the Hot Springs burro, a large drove 
of these interesting little brutes being kept here for the use of visitors 
and pleasure parties. On their backs the intricacies of the upper glens 
may be easilj' explored, and, as one does not present a particularly 
imposing appearance mounted upon one of these diminutive animals, 
the effect is ridiculous enough to furnish endless amusement, to say 
nothing of the wholesome exercise such a ride involves. 




Mother .^nd Child. 



65 




Trap Shooting. 
The Hotel. 



POTASH SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

The Spring House. 
The Shooting Range. 



The Lake. 
The Roadway. 



iPotasb^Sulpbur Sprinos. 




SHORT mile from Lawrence Station, and seven miles from Hot Springs, are located the health 
giving Potash -Sulphur Springs. Ten trains pass Lawrence daily, and are met by hacks, which 
convey visitors to and from the Springs. A handsome two -story hotel, neatly furnished, and 
numerous cottages afford the best of accommodations to guests, and the table is .satisfactorj' in all 
respects. The air at Potash -Sulphur is at all times pure and balmy, while surrounding moun- 
tains and valleys afford picturesque .scenerj-, and charming walks and drives. Deer, wild turkej-, quail 
and other game afford good shooting, and the Ouachita River, one mile distant, furnishes abundant 
sport for the angler. The Springs, which are near the hotel, are five in number, but all possessing 
similar properties. The waters are sulphuretted alkaline, and are highly esteemed bj- the medical 
fraternity of Hot Springs, who .send many of their patients there to spend a few daj-s while resting, 
after taking a course of hot baths. Dr. John C. Branner, State Geologist of Arkansas, says of them : 
"The importance of the Potash -Sulphur waters is too well known to admit of question. * * * 
The chief ingredients are sodium sulphate, .sodium carbonate and potassium cliloride, the sodium amount- 
ing to 13.66 grains per gallon, the potassium to 3.51 grains per gallon." 

The following diseases are cured or benefited by the use of the waters of this \aluable spring: 
Dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism, affections of the liver, kidneys and urinary organs, female diseases, 
dropsy, and all complaints originating from an excess of acid in the system, skin diseases and chronic 
dysenterj'. In di.seases of the kidneys and urinary passages, .stricture, gleet, and especially in calculous 
affections, there is no known remedy so efficacious as this water. It acts as a solvent in the various 
forms of gravel, and is very efficacious in the treatment of all mercurial disea.ses. 

67 




The SpRiNf; HorsE. 



MOUNTAIN VALLEY SPRINGS 
The road 



The Hotel. 



fountain lDalle\) SpriuGS. 



*HE Mountain Vallej' Springs are located among the Ozarks, about twelve miles from Hot Springs, 
and the trip affords an excellent opportunity to become acquainted with Nature's finest handi- 
work. The journey can be made an^- way to suit the inclination of the tourist. There is a 
regular hack line running daily from the hotels of Hot Springs to Mountain Vallej'. There is 

the more private and independent way of hiring your own horse and buggy, and driving and stopping at 

will, wherever j-ou are interested, or it can be made the objective point of a horseback tour. It is one 

of the most charming rides in the vicinitj''. The road is over 

the mountains, plunging into gorges and through enchanted 

glens. Not^vithstanding it has been recently improved, it is 

still a mountain road, and at times leads by points of thrill- 
ing interest. This verj' enjoj'able ride terminates in one of 

the most beautiful valleys in the Ozark range. On all sides 

are the mountain peaks, shutting in a portion of the earth of 

paradisiacal beauty, peace and quiet. Tall primeval forest 

trees are singing Nature's hymns over the valley. The 

patches of open are verdant with grass and shrubbery, and 

an air of seclusion and rest is all -prevalent. You will 

scarcelj' expect to find here a modern six -.story hotel, Entr.\nce to the gorge. 




69 




VIEWS 



ENTKANCK to MOI'NT.VIN VALLEY. 

ROAD TO Mountain Valley. 



In the Woods. 



with "all the latest conveniences and comforts," as the hotel men saj- — and j-ou don't. The hotel is 
entirely in keeping with the surroundings. You can expect quiet and rest at an inn, but not at a modern 
resort hotel. This is just the difference between the big, bustling hostelries of the cit3' we have just 
left behind, and the low, quaint structure nestliiig in Mountain Vallej'. Its picturesque architecture is 
Southern in character, being one story in height, and covering a great deal of ground. Cool, spacious 
verandas cover the whole front of the hotel. Trailing vines overrun it in greatest profusion, and, 
altogether, it is a charminglj- rare picture, and fills the beholder with an overpowering desire to settle 
down here, bag and baggage, and stay until satisfied with 
Nature's charms. 

Nature sometimes scores a bull's-ej'e in her arrange 
ment of things, and this feat was accomplished when these 
springs of health -renewing mineral waters were caused to burst 
forth in the midst of this beautiful valley. 

It is a matter of regret that the whole valley and 
springs could not have been located at a greater distance 
from the Hot Springs, so that they could have a chance at 
fame on their own merits. foot-bridge on the gulpha. 

The waters are very valuable, as their combined minerals constitute a curative medium 
for internal use not equaled. The analysis shows a large percentage of. bicarbonate of iron, 
lime and magnesia, sulphate of lime, chloride of iron, chloride of iodine, and phosphoric acid, 
but not even a trace of organic matter. 

They cure or benefit Hright's disease, and all kidney troubles, all dropsies of a kidney 
or liver origin, including cirrhosis, and are of great value in the treatment of female complaints. 




71 




SPRING LAKE HOTEL AND SPRINGS. 



Bridi;e Over the Gulpha. 



The Hotel. 



Foot-Path to the Springs. 
The Springs. 



Sprino Xahc *ff3oteI an^ Springs. 



s 



J PRING LAKE is one of the most delightful resorts in the vicinity of Hot Springs. Located about 
four miles to the eastward, but a short distance from the railroad station of the same name, and 
reached by two excellent carriage roads, it is easy of access, and its picturesque surroundings 

make the trip thither one of the most enjoyable imaginable. The Springs, of which there are five, are 

nestled among the trees at the head of a little valley away up among the hills. The waters are chalybeate 

in character, and are strongly recommended for their tonic effect. Perched on the side of the hill, a short 

distance below the Springs is a neat little hotel, at which the service is most satisfactorv. the rooms well 

furnished and lighted, and the table fully up to the standard 

of excellence maintained bj^ the Hot Springs hotels. In the 

valley, at the base of the hills, lies S])ring Lake, a small, but 

charmingly beautiful sheet of water, clear and deep, and stocked 

with gamy fish. There can be nothing more thoroughly enjoj-able 

on a pleasant afternoon, than a drive or horseback ride to Spring 

Lake, a ramble through the woods, a row ou the little lake, 

heartj' dinner at the hotel, and a pleasant journey home in 

evening. It is also a most agreeable place to stay for 

several days, or even weeks, and many, particularl\ 

those affected with insomnia, avail themselves of its hos 

pitable accommodations and quiet, restful surroundings. 




73 



Sprint, t.ake. 




SCENES ON THE ROAD TO BONANZA SPRINGS. 




©tbcr IWeicjbborintj IRcsovts. 

ESIDES the resorts suburban to Hot Springs, already described, there are manj^ others, perhaps 
not quite .•■o jirominent or well patronized, but, nevertheless, possessing their own peculiar 
chann, and well worth the attention of the visitor. 

Henry's Bonanza Springs, four miles to the westward of the city, have onlj' recently been 
opened as a popular resort. A good hotel is maintained there, and as the trip out and back through the 
Ozarks is a charming one, abounding in beautiful mountain scenen*, it has become a favorite one. Com- 
fortable vehicles are run from the city to this resort daily, leaving in the morning, and returning in the 
afternoon, the expense, including dinner, being fixed at a very moderate figure. 

Gillen's White Sulphur Spring is another favorite resort. The distance is in the neighborhood 
of three miles, and a rugged, rambling, romantic three miles it is, too. Leaving the city, the way 
leads at once into the forest along the south side of Hot Springs Mountain. The fording of the Gulpha 
is the first diversion, particularly if that obstreperous little stream is "up," as the local vernacular puts 
it. An old mill in a state of picturesque dilapidation stands near the ford, and a rude cabin nestles under 
the pines close by, with the inevitable accessories of dogs, pigs, chickens, and youngsters. Beyond the 
ford, the road takes up a tortuous winding and twisting around the hills, through swamps and thickets 
of scrub oaks, then skirting a noisy mountain stream, giving frequent glimjise of loftj- mountains and 
deep gorges, until, after a final sharp curve, it brings up at the entrance of the hotel. 

Like the other resorts in the vicinitj' of Hot Springs, Gillen's has every charm that forest and 
stream, mountain and valley, can lend it. The hotel is a two-story frame building, well enough furnished 
and managed, and much resorted to liy ])arties of Hot Springers, who ride or drive out in the afternoon, 
take supper, and return in the evening. 

75 




SCENES IN THE VICINITY OF HOT SPRINGS. 



The spring occupies a grotto of rock in a. pagoda IcScated in the center of an enclosed park. The 
waters are of the white sulphur variet}', but are wholly free from sulphuretted hydrogen, and, therefore, 
unusually palatable for sulphur water. The waters contain carbonate of iron, lime and magnesia, and 
very small quantities of sulphuric acid, and of free carbonic acid. There is no trace of chlorine. When 
exposed to the air, a small amount of iron oxide is slowly deposited. The total mineral solids per galloii 
are sixteen grains. 

The white sulphur water is employed with beneficial results in all cases of dropsy, liver and 
stomach disorders, and diseases of the kidneys and bladder. 

Gillen's Spring is a good starting point for several of the local natural wonders, notably Hell's 
Half Acre and the Thousand Dripping Springs. 

The trip to Hell's Half Acre maj' be covered on foot or on a horse, the former method being 
preferable for many reasons, and is a pleasing bit of mountain climbing. 

Imagine a tract of an acre or more, sunken from ten to thirty feet below the level of the surround- 
ing territory, and presenting nothing to the view but a jagged, jumbled, chaotic mass of sharp-edged, 
irregular, multi-colored rocks. Rocks of all sizes and shapes and compositions; rocks of limestone, slate, 
flint, and granite ; rocks igneous and aqueous ; and rocks the like of which are not to be found elsewhere ; 
a barren, weird, forbidding conglomeration of boulders; an arsenal for Titans. Indian tradition has it 
that, when Gitchee Manito, the Great vSpirit, smote the crags of the mountains, and released the impris- 
oned hot waters for the healing of the nations, he, finding no suitable place for the disposition of the 
shattered fragments, thrust his mighty finger into the earth and dumped them in the hole. 

The Thousand Dripping Springs, another natural curiosity, are located about a mile and a half to 
the northeast of Gillen's, and are reached by a good road. They issue from a huge rocky ledge which over- 
hangs the roadway, and which is pierced by a myriad of crevices, each one forming a separate spring. 




VIEWS IN THE VILiNiiY Oh HOI SPRINGS. 



Iborsebach IRiMng an^ Drivino. 

HOT vSPRINGS is a paradise for the equestrian. To every point of the compass, beautiful shaded 
roads and bridle paths meander away over mountain and plain, through wooded dells and 

~^*=^^ across sparkling streams. No American resort can boast of so many charming drives, or 
of such infinite variety. One can take a different route every day for a month and not exhaust the 
repertory, and find each day some new and unexpected charm. In all the principal hotels maps will 
be found showing the location of the various roads and trails to the entire picturesque and rugged vicinity, 
enabling a perfect stranger to explore and enjoy them without the aid of a guide. The numerous 
mineral springs and creeks are also located on these maps. 

The horses to be hired at the Springs are of unusual excellence, and a source of agreeable surprise 
to the visitor. They are mostly Kentucky stock, highlj' bred and especially trained for horseback riding, 
gentle, sure-footed, speedj^ and of easy gait. 

One of the most delightful drives is out Park Avenue. The beginner will find the ride around 
North Mountain, through the gorge of the Gulpha, and returning by the railroad depot, one of sufficient 
length and beauty to start with, and also to warrant an investment in witch-hazel, or some other 
alleviator of soreness, upon his return. Or, he may go to the big Chalybeate Spring, some two miles out, 
one of the features of the locality. Here, a spring of clear, sparkling water, strongly impregnated with 
iron, and some eight feet in diameter, gushes out of the bank in a stream the size of a brook, and tumbles 
in a miniature cascade into the branch of the Gulpha that murmurs alongside. The water has many 
virtues, and is considered extremely beneficial by the thousands who use it. The spring is in a charming 
little valley, surrounded by giant oaks and other trees, and is a delightful retreat on a warm afternoon. 
Across the rurul on the hill-top, is a long rambling one-story structure, formerly ii«-! -i^ i hotel, which 

79 



lends novelty to the scene; and as the visitor looks, a little black-ej'ed, bare-footed nymph, glass in 
hand, darts from the door, and, dancing across the valley to the spring, stands readj- to serve the water 
to the thirsty equestrian. A little farther on the road forks, the one on the right leading through a fertile 
valley, across the south fork of Saline River, on to Little Rock, while the one on the left winds around 
the mountains and through the forests to Mountain \'alley, a popular health resort described elsewhere. 

Another charming drive for an afternoon is around Sugar Loaf and West Mountains, going out 
Whittington Avenue, climbing and descending the mountain by a tortuous road, which at every turn 
displays some new and magnificent view of vallej- and distant mountain range, thence to and across Bull 
Ba^^ou, down the west bank of this beautiful stream, to the Bear Mountain Road, and thence back to the 
citj-. The ride to the Ouachita, by any one of half a dozen roads, is always a pleasant one, as are those 
to Gillen's White Sulphur Spring, to Spring Lake, and to Potash -Sulphur Springs. 

Horseback parties are extremely popular, and any pleasant afternoon squads of both sexes may be 
seen dashing off to the mountains, to return at dusk, with faces all aglow with health, and with magnifi- 
cent appetites for dinner. 

Carriaoc Strives. 

While the countrj' roads, with a few exceptions, are a little rough for carriage driving, the drives 
around the city are good and in sufficient number and variety. Most of the streets and avetuies are 
macadamized, and improvement in this direction is going on constantly. It is understood that a good 
portion of the $74,000 realized at the recent sale of government lots will be devoted to the construction 
of boulevards and carriage roads. As it is, the boulevard on Whittington Avenue, the Grand Boulevard, 
the road to Potash -Sulphur Springs, Park, Malvern and Central avenues, and the Dallas and Arkadelphia 
roads, afford all needed facilities. 

Any kind of a vehicle can be hired, from the most elegant landau down to the buck-board. 

80 



Report of the Healtti Departtnent, City of Hot Springs, flrkaiisas, for 1893. 



PER CENT OF DEATHS IN A FEW OTHER CITIES AND TOWNS. 



Albany, N. Y Ti 

Baltimore, Md : 10 

Biuoklyn, N. Y 10 

Bullulo, N. Y 10 

CliarlcsUm, S. C 9 

Chattauoo);:!, Teun 10 

Cliicajf". I" llie .vc 



Cincmnati. 0\\'u> .... 


9 month 


Davenport. Iowa . 


9 


Davton. Ohio 


.. . 10 


Hartford, Conn .... 


.. . 10 


Jersey City. N. J . . 


7 


Knoxville, Teiin 


10 


Los Anp-ele.»t. Cal ... 


10 


Lvnn, Ma.ss 


!> 



■20.63 
21.16 
22.63 
20.19 
26.47 
13.49 
1S.24 
18.X2 
17..M) 
180.5 
21. .59 
2.5.29 
1.5.S3 
14.49 
17.45 



Maeon, U; 



.Memphis. Teim 9 

Milwaukee, Wis 8 

Mobile, Ala 8 

Na.shvllle, Teun 3 

New Haven, Conn 6 

New Orle.ins, La 10 

New York, N. Y the year 



8 months 19.07 

94 
14 
,73 
95 , 



.13 
.08 

Paterson.N. J 9 months 21.,57 

.60 



19.( 
16.1 

27.; 
18.1 
23 S 
26.1 
24.( 



Philadelphia. Pa the year 

Pittsbursh, Pa S months.. 

Providence, R. 1 10 " 

Kichmond, Va 9 

Roche.ster. N. Y 5 

Sacr.imenio, Cal 8 

San Francisco, Cal . 9 



St. Loui.s. Mo..., 9 months 17 

Syracuse, N. Y 7 

Toledo, Ohio 10 

Troy, N. Y 7 

Washington. D. C 10 

W()rcester, Mass .5 

London, Eng 7 

Liverpool, Eng 7 

Manchester, Eng 7 

Glasgow, Scot 6 

Dublin, Ire 6 

Paris, France 5 

Berlin, Ger 5 



18, 
16, 
.. 21 
.. 22, 
.. 19, 
. . 20, 
.. 24 
... 28, 
... 22, 
... 25. 
... 21. 
18, 



Hot Springs, Residents and Visitor.s 12 

Hot Springs, Residents 



04 
79 
2.1 
50 
82 
79 
28 
05 
.13 
.29 
50 
4.'( 
,31 
,00 
,13 



AREA OF CITY AND EXTENT OF PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. 



Population (resident and risitingi 23,000 

Residents 17,000 

.No. of visitor.s during the year 70,000 



No. bf Daily Papers.. 

No. of Weekly Papers 

No. of .Montliiies, lUustratt-d 

No. of Job Printing Offices 

Medical Journal 

Churches 

Schools 

Hotels, Boarding Houses and Fur 
nished Houses, more than 

Banks 

Drugstores 



3 

S 
2 

5 

1 

22 

10 

.500 
3 
22 



Physicians .-rr 

Planing .Mills and Sa.sh and Door Fac- 
tories „ 

Acres in Cit.v 

Acres in Parks, including Government 
Reservation 

Miles In City 

Lineal Miles of StrcLi 

.Miles of Electric Street Railway 

Miles of Street Railway— Horse 

Miles of Main Sewer : 

Capacity Arctic lee Factory per day in 
Tons 



3 
3,200 



I Capacity ColiI Storage Factory per dav 

in Tons IS 

Capacity Valley Factory per day in 

Tons 15 

Miles of Gas Main... 5 

Miles of Water Main lay^ 

Fire Hydrants 86 

Capatritv of Water Works per day in 

Gallons 2.250,000 

Miles of Telephone Wire 100 

Miles of Electric Light Wire 46 

Hot Springs. 72 

Bath H(Uises 21 

Steam Laundn.- 3 



Valley . .N 

Toi> of mountain on aitherside 

Lalitnile 

Li.tiu'iln.' 



•*1- RETU^KRKS. 1^ 



RAINFAl.L-No. of inchi 
ELEVATION, 
ieei .above Gulf of Mexico. 



PER CENT OP DE.\THS. 



1 '*00 I 
3.(03i'"j.j I Visitors and Reside'! 

•)■.' ■',()■ W Resident-; 



1H<J1. 

r>..i-2 


1S92. 
11.95 


1893. 
12.00 


10. 2y 


8.1:1 


6.13 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

iiiiri;i!lil|ii'!i;'iiiiiii !ii!i" ii 



IN MIIIM II I 



014 610 542 7 



